Novice prorgammers often find programming to be a difficult and frustating task. Because of their lack of experience in programming novices have different needs to experts when it comes to debugging assistants. One way a debugging assistant could be tailored to novices, as proposed by Eisentstadt, is to provide them with an explicit model of how their program works, and, hence encourage them to find errors for themselves. We discuss such a transparency debugger, Bradman, that we have been developing and a test conducted on volunteer novice programmers.

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