Require Import Coqlib.
Require Import Maps.
Require Import AST.
Require Import Integers.
Require Import Floats.
Require Import Events.
Require Import Values.
Require Import Memory.
Require Import Globalenvs.
Require Import Smallstep.
Require Import Switch.
Require Import Annotations.

Abstract syntax

Inductive constant : Type :=
  | Ointconst: int -> constant (* integer constant *)
  | Ofloatconst: float -> constant (* double-precision floating-point constant *)
  | Osingleconst: float32 -> constant (* single-precision floating-point constant *)
  | Olongconst: int64 -> constant (* long integer constant *)
  | Oaddrsymbol: ident -> int -> constant (* address of the symbol plus the offset *)
  | Oaddrstack: int -> constant. (* stack pointer plus the given offset *)

Inductive unary_operation : Type :=
  | Ocast8unsigned: unary_operation (* 8-bit zero extension *)
  | Ocast8signed: unary_operation (* 8-bit sign extension *)
  | Ocast16unsigned: unary_operation (* 16-bit zero extension *)
  | Ocast16signed: unary_operation (* 16-bit sign extension *)
  | Onegint: unary_operation (* integer opposite *)
  | Onotint: unary_operation (* bitwise complement *)
  | Onegf: unary_operation (* float64 opposite *)
  | Oabsf: unary_operation (* float64 absolute value *)
  | Onegfs: unary_operation (* float32 opposite *)
  | Oabsfs: unary_operation (* float32 absolute value *)
  | Osingleoffloat: unary_operation (* float truncation to float32 *)
  | Ofloatofsingle: unary_operation (* float extension to float64 *)
  | Ointoffloat: unary_operation (* signed integer to float64 *)
  | Ointuoffloat: unary_operation (* unsigned integer to float64 *)
  | Ofloatofint: unary_operation (* float64 to signed integer *)
  | Ofloatofintu: unary_operation (* float64 to unsigned integer *)
  | Ointofsingle: unary_operation (* signed integer to float32 *)
  | Ointuofsingle: unary_operation (* unsigned integer to float32 *)
  | Osingleofint: unary_operation (* float32 to signed integer *)
  | Osingleofintu: unary_operation (* float32 to unsigned integer *)
  | Onegl: unary_operation (* long integer opposite *)
  | Onotl: unary_operation (* long bitwise complement *)
  | Ointoflong: unary_operation (* long to int *)
  | Olongofint: unary_operation (* signed int to long *)
  | Olongofintu: unary_operation (* unsigned int to long *)
  | Olongoffloat: unary_operation (* float64 to signed long *)
  | Olonguoffloat: unary_operation (* float64 to unsigned long *)
  | Ofloatoflong: unary_operation (* signed long to float64 *)
  | Ofloatoflongu: unary_operation (* unsigned long to float64 *)
  | Olongofsingle: unary_operation (* float32 to signed long *)
  | Olonguofsingle: unary_operation (* float32 to unsigned long *)
  | Osingleoflong: unary_operation (* signed long to float32 *)
  | Osingleoflongu: unary_operation. (* unsigned long to float32 *)

Inductive binary_operation : Type :=
  | Oadd: binary_operation (* integer addition *)
  | Osub: binary_operation (* integer subtraction *)
  | Omul: binary_operation (* integer multiplication *)
  | Odiv: binary_operation (* integer signed division *)
  | Odivu: binary_operation (* integer unsigned division *)
  | Omod: binary_operation (* integer signed modulus *)
  | Omodu: binary_operation (* integer unsigned modulus *)
  | Oand: binary_operation (* integer bitwise ``and'' *)
  | Oor: binary_operation (* integer bitwise ``or'' *)
  | Oxor: binary_operation (* integer bitwise ``xor'' *)
  | Oshl: binary_operation (* integer left shift *)
  | Oshr: binary_operation (* integer right signed shift *)
  | Oshru: binary_operation (* integer right unsigned shift *)
  | Oaddf: binary_operation (* float64 addition *)
  | Osubf: binary_operation (* float64 subtraction *)
  | Omulf: binary_operation (* float64 multiplication *)
  | Odivf: binary_operation (* float64 division *)
  | Oaddfs: binary_operation (* float32 addition *)
  | Osubfs: binary_operation (* float32 subtraction *)
  | Omulfs: binary_operation (* float32 multiplication *)
  | Odivfs: binary_operation (* float32 division *)
  | Oaddl: binary_operation (* long addition *)
  | Osubl: binary_operation (* long subtraction *)
  | Omull: binary_operation (* long multiplication *)
  | Odivl: binary_operation (* long signed division *)
  | Odivlu: binary_operation (* long unsigned division *)
  | Omodl: binary_operation (* long signed modulus *)
  | Omodlu: binary_operation (* long unsigned modulus *)
  | Oandl: binary_operation (* long bitwise ``and'' *)
  | Oorl: binary_operation (* long bitwise ``or'' *)
  | Oxorl: binary_operation (* long bitwise ``xor'' *)
  | Oshll: binary_operation (* long left shift *)
  | Oshrl: binary_operation (* long right signed shift *)
  | Oshrlu: binary_operation (* long right unsigned shift *)
  | Ocmp: comparison -> binary_operation (* integer signed comparison *)
  | Ocmpu: comparison -> binary_operation (* integer unsigned comparison *)
  | Ocmpf: comparison -> binary_operation (* float64 comparison *)
  | Ocmpfs: comparison -> binary_operation (* float32 comparison *)
  | Ocmpl: comparison -> binary_operation (* long signed comparison *)
  | Ocmplu: comparison -> binary_operation. (* long unsigned comparison *)


Inductive expr : Type :=
  | Evar : ident -> expr
  | Econst : constant -> expr
  | Eunop : unary_operation -> expr -> expr
  | Ebinop : binary_operation -> expr -> expr -> expr
  | Eload : annotation -> memory_chunk -> expr -> expr.


Definition label := ident.

Inductive stmt : Type :=
  | Sskip: stmt
  | Sassign : ident -> expr -> stmt
  | Sstore : annotation -> memory_chunk -> expr -> expr -> stmt
  | Scall : option ident -> signature -> expr -> list expr -> stmt
  | Stailcall: signature -> expr -> list expr -> stmt
  | Sbuiltin : option ident -> external_function -> list expr -> stmt
  | Sseq: stmt -> stmt -> stmt
  | Sifthenelse: expr -> stmt -> stmt -> stmt
  | Sloop: stmt -> stmt
  | Sblock: stmt -> stmt
  | Sexit: nat -> stmt
  | Sswitch: bool -> expr -> list (Z * nat) -> nat -> stmt
  | Sreturn: option expr -> stmt
  | Slabel: label -> stmt -> stmt
  | Sgoto: label -> stmt.


Record function : Type := mkfunction {
  fn_sig: signature;
  fn_params: list ident;
  fn_vars: list ident;
  fn_stackspace: Z;
  fn_body: stmt
}.

Definition fundef := AST.fundef function.
Definition program := AST.program fundef unit.

Definition funsig (fd: fundef) :=
  match fd with
  | Internal f => fn_sig f
  | External ef => ef_sig ef
  end.

Operational semantics (small-step)

Definition genv := Genv.t fundef unit.
Definition env := PTree.t val.


Fixpoint set_params (vl: list val) (il: list ident) {struct il} : env :=
  match il, vl with
  | i1 :: is, v1 :: vs => PTree.set i1 v1 (set_params vs is)
  | i1 :: is, nil => PTree.set i1 Vundef (set_params nil is)
  | _, _ => PTree.empty val
  end.

Fixpoint set_locals (il: list ident) (e: env) {struct il} : env :=
  match il with
  | nil => e
  | i1 :: is => PTree.set i1 Vundef (set_locals is e)
  end.

Definition set_optvar (optid: option ident) (v: val) (e: env) : env :=
  match optid with
  | None => e
  | Some id => PTree.set id v e
  end.


Inductive cont: Type :=
  | Kstop: cont (* stop program execution *)
  | Kseq: stmt -> cont -> cont (* execute stmt, then cont *)
  | Kblock: cont -> cont (* exit a block, then do cont *)
  | Kcall: option ident -> function -> val -> env -> cont -> cont.


Inductive state: Type :=
  | State: (* Execution within a function *)
      forall (f: function) (* currently executing function *)
             (s: stmt) (* statement under consideration *)
             (k: cont) (* its continuation -- what to do next *)
             (sp: val) (* current stack pointer *)
             (e: env) (* current local environment *)
             (m: mem), (* current memory state *)
      state
  | Callstate: (* Invocation of a function *)
      forall (f: fundef) (* function to invoke *)
             (args: list val) (* arguments provided by caller *)
             (k: cont) (* what to do next *)
             (m: mem), (* memory state *)
      state
  | Returnstate: (* Return from a function *)
      forall (v: val) (* Return value *)
             (k: cont) (* what to do next *)
             (m: mem), (* memory state *)
      state.

Section RELSEM.

Variable ge: genv.


Definition eval_constant (sp: val) (cst: constant) : option val :=
  match cst with
  | Ointconst n => Some (Vint n)
  | Ofloatconst n => Some (Vfloat n)
  | Osingleconst n => Some (Vsingle n)
  | Olongconst n => Some (Vlong n)
  | Oaddrsymbol s ofs =>
      Some(match Genv.find_symbol ge s with
           | None => Vundef
           | Some b => Vptr b ofs end)
  | Oaddrstack ofs => Some (Val.add sp (Vint ofs))
  end.

Definition eval_unop (op: unary_operation) (arg: val) : option val :=
  match op with
  | Ocast8unsigned => Some (Val.zero_ext 8 arg)
  | Ocast8signed => Some (Val.sign_ext 8 arg)
  | Ocast16unsigned => Some (Val.zero_ext 16 arg)
  | Ocast16signed => Some (Val.sign_ext 16 arg)
  | Onegint => Some (Val.negint arg)
  | Onotint => Some (Val.notint arg)
  | Onegf => Some (Val.negf arg)
  | Oabsf => Some (Val.absf arg)
  | Onegfs => Some (Val.negfs arg)
  | Oabsfs => Some (Val.absfs arg)
  | Osingleoffloat => Some (Val.singleoffloat arg)
  | Ofloatofsingle => Some (Val.floatofsingle arg)
  | Ointoffloat => Val.intoffloat arg
  | Ointuoffloat => Val.intuoffloat arg
  | Ofloatofint => Val.floatofint arg
  | Ofloatofintu => Val.floatofintu arg
  | Ointofsingle => Val.intofsingle arg
  | Ointuofsingle => Val.intuofsingle arg
  | Osingleofint => Val.singleofint arg
  | Osingleofintu => Val.singleofintu arg
  | Onegl => Some (Val.negl arg)
  | Onotl => Some (Val.notl arg)
  | Ointoflong => Some (Val.loword arg)
  | Olongofint => Some (Val.longofint arg)
  | Olongofintu => Some (Val.longofintu arg)
  | Olongoffloat => Val.longoffloat arg
  | Olonguoffloat => Val.longuoffloat arg
  | Ofloatoflong => Val.floatoflong arg
  | Ofloatoflongu => Val.floatoflongu arg
  | Olongofsingle => Val.longofsingle arg
  | Olonguofsingle => Val.longuofsingle arg
  | Osingleoflong => Val.singleoflong arg
  | Osingleoflongu => Val.singleoflongu arg
  end.

Definition eval_binop
            (op: binary_operation) (arg1 arg2: val) (m: mem): option val :=
  match op with
  | Oadd => Some (Val.add arg1 arg2)
  | Osub => Some (Val.sub arg1 arg2)
  | Omul => Some (Val.mul arg1 arg2)
  | Odiv => Val.divs arg1 arg2
  | Odivu => Val.divu arg1 arg2
  | Omod => Val.mods arg1 arg2
  | Omodu => Val.modu arg1 arg2
  | Oand => Some (Val.and arg1 arg2)
  | Oor => Some (Val.or arg1 arg2)
  | Oxor => Some (Val.xor arg1 arg2)
  | Oshl => Some (Val.shl arg1 arg2)
  | Oshr => Some (Val.shr arg1 arg2)
  | Oshru => Some (Val.shru arg1 arg2)
  | Oaddf => Some (Val.addf arg1 arg2)
  | Osubf => Some (Val.subf arg1 arg2)
  | Omulf => Some (Val.mulf arg1 arg2)
  | Odivf => Some (Val.divf arg1 arg2)
  | Oaddfs => Some (Val.addfs arg1 arg2)
  | Osubfs => Some (Val.subfs arg1 arg2)
  | Omulfs => Some (Val.mulfs arg1 arg2)
  | Odivfs => Some (Val.divfs arg1 arg2)
  | Oaddl => Some (Val.addl arg1 arg2)
  | Osubl => Some (Val.subl arg1 arg2)
  | Omull => Some (Val.mull arg1 arg2)
  | Odivl => Val.divls arg1 arg2
  | Odivlu => Val.divlu arg1 arg2
  | Omodl => Val.modls arg1 arg2
  | Omodlu => Val.modlu arg1 arg2
  | Oandl => Some (Val.andl arg1 arg2)
  | Oorl => Some (Val.orl arg1 arg2)
  | Oxorl => Some (Val.xorl arg1 arg2)
  | Oshll => Some (Val.shll arg1 arg2)
  | Oshrl => Some (Val.shrl arg1 arg2)
  | Oshrlu => Some (Val.shrlu arg1 arg2)
  | Ocmp c => Some (Val.cmp c arg1 arg2)
  | Ocmpu c => Some (Val.cmpu (Mem.valid_pointer m) c arg1 arg2)
  | Ocmpf c => Some (Val.cmpf c arg1 arg2)
  | Ocmpfs c => Some (Val.cmpfs c arg1 arg2)
  | Ocmpl c => Val.cmpl c arg1 arg2
  | Ocmplu c => Val.cmplu c arg1 arg2
  end.


Section EVAL_EXPR.

Variable sp: val.
Variable e: env.
Variable m: mem.

Inductive eval_expr: expr -> val -> Prop :=
  | eval_Evar: forall id v,
      PTree.get id e = Some v ->
      eval_expr (Evar id) v
  | eval_Econst: forall cst v,
      eval_constant sp cst = Some v ->
      eval_expr (Econst cst) v
  | eval_Eunop: forall op a1 v1 v,
      eval_expr a1 v1 ->
      eval_unop op v1 = Some v ->
      eval_expr (Eunop op a1) v
  | eval_Ebinop: forall op a1 a2 v1 v2 v,
      eval_expr a1 v1 ->
      eval_expr a2 v2 ->
      eval_binop op v1 v2 m = Some v ->
      eval_expr (Ebinop op a1 a2) v
  | eval_Eload: forall alpha chunk addr vaddr v,
      eval_expr addr vaddr ->
      Mem.loadv chunk m vaddr = Some v ->
      eval_expr (Eload alpha chunk addr) v.

Inductive eval_exprlist: list expr -> list val -> Prop :=
  | eval_Enil:
      eval_exprlist nil nil
  | eval_Econs: forall a1 al v1 vl,
      eval_expr a1 v1 -> eval_exprlist al vl ->
      eval_exprlist (a1 :: al) (v1 :: vl).

End EVAL_EXPR.


Fixpoint call_cont (k: cont) : cont :=
  match k with
  | Kseq s k => call_cont k
  | Kblock k => call_cont k
  | _ => k
  end.

Definition is_call_cont (k: cont) : Prop :=
  match k with
  | Kstop => True
  | Kcall _ _ _ _ _ => True
  | _ => False
  end.


Fixpoint find_label (lbl: label) (s: stmt) (k: cont)
                    {struct s}: option (stmt * cont) :=
  match s with
  | Sseq s1 s2 =>
      match find_label lbl s1 (Kseq s2 k) with
      | Some sk => Some sk
      | None => find_label lbl s2 k
      end
  | Sifthenelse a s1 s2 =>
      match find_label lbl s1 k with
      | Some sk => Some sk
      | None => find_label lbl s2 k
      end
  | Sloop s1 =>
      find_label lbl s1 (Kseq (Sloop s1) k)
  | Sblock s1 =>
      find_label lbl s1 (Kblock k)
  | Slabel lbl' s' =>
      if ident_eq lbl lbl' then Some(s', k) else find_label lbl s' k
  | _ => None
  end.


Inductive step: state -> trace -> state -> Prop :=

  | step_skip_seq: forall f s k sp e m,
      step (State f Sskip (Kseq s k) sp e m)
        E0 (State f s k sp e m)
  | step_skip_block: forall f k sp e m,
      step (State f Sskip (Kblock k) sp e m)
        E0 (State f Sskip k sp e m)
  | step_skip_call: forall f k sp e m m',
      is_call_cont k ->
      Mem.free m sp 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = Some m' ->
      step (State f Sskip k (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m)
        E0 (Returnstate Vundef k m')

  | step_assign: forall f id a k sp e m v,
      eval_expr sp e m a v ->
      step (State f (Sassign id a) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f Sskip k sp (PTree.set id v e) m)

  | step_store: forall f alpha chunk addr a k sp e m vaddr v m',
      eval_expr sp e m addr vaddr ->
      eval_expr sp e m a v ->
      Mem.storev chunk m vaddr v = Some m' ->
      step (State f (Sstore alpha chunk addr a) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f Sskip k sp e m')

  | step_call: forall f optid sig a bl k sp e m vf vargs fd,
      eval_expr sp e m a vf ->
      eval_exprlist sp e m bl vargs ->
      Genv.find_funct ge vf = Some fd ->
      funsig fd = sig ->
      step (State f (Scall optid sig a bl) k sp e m)
        E0 (Callstate fd vargs (Kcall optid f sp e k) m)

  | step_tailcall: forall f sig a bl k sp e m vf vargs fd m',
      eval_expr (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m a vf ->
      eval_exprlist (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m bl vargs ->
      Genv.find_funct ge vf = Some fd ->
      funsig fd = sig ->
      Mem.free m sp 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = Some m' ->
      step (State f (Stailcall sig a bl) k (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m)
        E0 (Callstate fd vargs (call_cont k) m')

  | step_builtin: forall f optid ef bl k sp e m vargs t vres m',
      eval_exprlist sp e m bl vargs ->
      external_call ef ge vargs m t vres m' ->
      step (State f (Sbuiltin optid ef bl) k sp e m)
         t (State f Sskip k sp (set_optvar optid vres e) m')

  | step_seq: forall f s1 s2 k sp e m,
      step (State f (Sseq s1 s2) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f s1 (Kseq s2 k) sp e m)

  | step_ifthenelse: forall f a s1 s2 k sp e m v b,
      eval_expr sp e m a v ->
      Val.bool_of_val v b ->
      step (State f (Sifthenelse a s1 s2) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f (if b then s1 else s2) k sp e m)

  | step_loop: forall f s k sp e m,
      step (State f (Sloop s) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f s (Kseq (Sloop s) k) sp e m)

  | step_block: forall f s k sp e m,
      step (State f (Sblock s) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f s (Kblock k) sp e m)

  | step_exit_seq: forall f n s k sp e m,
      step (State f (Sexit n) (Kseq s k) sp e m)
        E0 (State f (Sexit n) k sp e m)
  | step_exit_block_0: forall f k sp e m,
      step (State f (Sexit O) (Kblock k) sp e m)
        E0 (State f Sskip k sp e m)
  | step_exit_block_S: forall f n k sp e m,
      step (State f (Sexit (S n)) (Kblock k) sp e m)
        E0 (State f (Sexit n) k sp e m)

  | step_switch: forall f islong a cases default k sp e m v n,
      eval_expr sp e m a v ->
      switch_argument islong v n ->
      step (State f (Sswitch islong a cases default) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f (Sexit (switch_target n default cases)) k sp e m)

  | step_return_0: forall f k sp e m m',
      Mem.free m sp 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = Some m' ->
      step (State f (Sreturn None) k (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m)
        E0 (Returnstate Vundef (call_cont k) m')
  | step_return_1: forall f a k sp e m v m',
      eval_expr (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m a v ->
      Mem.free m sp 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = Some m' ->
      step (State f (Sreturn (Some a)) k (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m)
        E0 (Returnstate v (call_cont k) m')

  | step_label: forall f lbl s k sp e m,
      step (State f (Slabel lbl s) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f s k sp e m)

  | step_goto: forall f lbl k sp e m s' k',
      find_label lbl f.(fn_body) (call_cont k) = Some(s', k') ->
      step (State f (Sgoto lbl) k sp e m)
        E0 (State f s' k' sp e m)

  | step_internal_function: forall f vargs k m m' sp e,
      Mem.alloc m 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = (m', sp) ->
      set_locals f.(fn_vars) (set_params vargs f.(fn_params)) = e ->
      step (Callstate (Internal f) vargs k m)
        E0 (State f f.(fn_body) k (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m')
  | step_external_function: forall ef vargs k m t vres m',
      external_call ef ge vargs m t vres m' ->
      step (Callstate (External ef) vargs k m)
         t (Returnstate vres k m')

  | step_return: forall v optid f sp e k m,
      step (Returnstate v (Kcall optid f sp e k) m)
        E0 (State f Sskip k sp (set_optvar optid v e) m).

End RELSEM.


Inductive initial_state (p: program): state -> Prop :=
  | initial_state_intro: forall b f m0,
      let ge := Genv.globalenv p in
      Genv.init_mem p = Some m0 ->
      Genv.find_symbol ge p.(prog_main) = Some b ->
      Genv.find_funct_ptr ge b = Some f ->
      funsig f = signature_main ->
      initial_state p (Callstate f nil Kstop m0).


Inductive final_state: state -> int -> Prop :=
  | final_state_intro: forall r m,
      final_state (Returnstate (Vint r) Kstop m) r.


Definition semantics (p: program) :=
  Semantics step (initial_state p) final_state (Genv.globalenv p).


Lemma semantics_receptive:
  forall (p: program), receptive (semantics p).

Alternate operational semantics (big-step)

Inductive outcome: Type :=
  | Out_normal: outcome (* continue in sequence *)
  | Out_exit: nat -> outcome (* terminate n+1 enclosing blocks *)
  | Out_return: option val -> outcome (* return immediately to caller *)
  | Out_tailcall_return: val -> outcome. (* already returned to caller via a tailcall *)

Definition outcome_block (out: outcome) : outcome :=
  match out with
  | Out_exit O => Out_normal
  | Out_exit (S n) => Out_exit n
  | out => out
  end.

Definition outcome_result_value
    (out: outcome) (retsig: option typ) (vres: val) : Prop :=
  match out with
  | Out_normal => vres = Vundef
  | Out_return None => vres = Vundef
  | Out_return (Some v) => retsig <> None /\ vres = v
  | Out_tailcall_return v => vres = v
  | _ => False
  end.

Definition outcome_free_mem
    (out: outcome) (m: mem) (sp: block) (sz: Z) (m': mem) :=
  match out with
  | Out_tailcall_return _ => m' = m
  | _ => Mem.free m sp 0 sz = Some m'
  end.

Section NATURALSEM.

Variable ge: genv.


Inductive eval_funcall:
        mem -> fundef -> list val -> trace ->
        mem -> val -> Prop :=
  | eval_funcall_internal:
      forall m f vargs m1 sp e t e2 m2 out vres m3,
      Mem.alloc m 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = (m1, sp) ->
      set_locals f.(fn_vars) (set_params vargs f.(fn_params)) = e ->
      exec_stmt f (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m1 f.(fn_body) t e2 m2 out ->
      outcome_result_value out f.(fn_sig).(sig_res) vres ->
      outcome_free_mem out m2 sp f.(fn_stackspace) m3 ->
      eval_funcall m (Internal f) vargs t m3 vres
  | eval_funcall_external:
      forall ef m args t res m',
      external_call ef ge args m t res m' ->
      eval_funcall m (External ef) args t m' res


with exec_stmt:
         function -> val ->
         env -> mem -> stmt -> trace ->
         env -> mem -> outcome -> Prop :=
  | exec_Sskip:
      forall f sp e m,
      exec_stmt f sp e m Sskip E0 e m Out_normal
  | exec_Sassign:
      forall f sp e m id a v,
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sassign id a) E0 (PTree.set id v e) m Out_normal
  | exec_Sstore:
      forall f sp e m alpha chunk addr a vaddr v m',
      eval_expr ge sp e m addr vaddr ->
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      Mem.storev chunk m vaddr v = Some m' ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sstore alpha chunk addr a) E0 e m' Out_normal
  | exec_Scall:
      forall f sp e m optid sig a bl vf vargs fd t m' vres e',
      eval_expr ge sp e m a vf ->
      eval_exprlist ge sp e m bl vargs ->
      Genv.find_funct ge vf = Some fd ->
      funsig fd = sig ->
      eval_funcall m fd vargs t m' vres ->
      e' = set_optvar optid vres e ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Scall optid sig a bl) t e' m' Out_normal
  | exec_Sbuiltin:
      forall f sp e m optid ef bl t m' vargs vres e',
      eval_exprlist ge sp e m bl vargs ->
      external_call ef ge vargs m t vres m' ->
      e' = set_optvar optid vres e ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sbuiltin optid ef bl) t e' m' Out_normal
  | exec_Sifthenelse:
      forall f sp e m a s1 s2 v b t e' m' out,
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      Val.bool_of_val v b ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (if b then s1 else s2) t e' m' out ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sifthenelse a s1 s2) t e' m' out
  | exec_Sseq_continue:
      forall f sp e m t s1 t1 e1 m1 s2 t2 e2 m2 out,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s1 t1 e1 m1 Out_normal ->
      exec_stmt f sp e1 m1 s2 t2 e2 m2 out ->
      t = t1 ** t2 ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sseq s1 s2) t e2 m2 out
  | exec_Sseq_stop:
      forall f sp e m t s1 s2 e1 m1 out,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s1 t e1 m1 out ->
      out <> Out_normal ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sseq s1 s2) t e1 m1 out
  | exec_Sloop_loop:
      forall f sp e m s t t1 e1 m1 t2 e2 m2 out,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s t1 e1 m1 Out_normal ->
      exec_stmt f sp e1 m1 (Sloop s) t2 e2 m2 out ->
      t = t1 ** t2 ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sloop s) t e2 m2 out
  | exec_Sloop_stop:
      forall f sp e m t s e1 m1 out,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s t e1 m1 out ->
      out <> Out_normal ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sloop s) t e1 m1 out
  | exec_Sblock:
      forall f sp e m s t e1 m1 out,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s t e1 m1 out ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sblock s) t e1 m1 (outcome_block out)
  | exec_Sexit:
      forall f sp e m n,
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sexit n) E0 e m (Out_exit n)
  | exec_Sswitch:
      forall f sp e m islong a cases default v n,
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      switch_argument islong v n ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sswitch islong a cases default)
                E0 e m (Out_exit (switch_target n default cases))
  | exec_Sreturn_none:
      forall f sp e m,
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sreturn None) E0 e m (Out_return None)
  | exec_Sreturn_some:
      forall f sp e m a v,
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      exec_stmt f sp e m (Sreturn (Some a)) E0 e m (Out_return (Some v))
  | exec_Stailcall:
      forall f sp e m sig a bl vf vargs fd t m' m'' vres,
      eval_expr ge (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m a vf ->
      eval_exprlist ge (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m bl vargs ->
      Genv.find_funct ge vf = Some fd ->
      funsig fd = sig ->
      Mem.free m sp 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = Some m' ->
      eval_funcall m' fd vargs t m'' vres ->
      exec_stmt f (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m (Stailcall sig a bl) t e m'' (Out_tailcall_return vres).

Scheme eval_funcall_ind2 := Minimality for eval_funcall Sort Prop
  with exec_stmt_ind2 := Minimality for exec_stmt Sort Prop.
Combined Scheme eval_funcall_exec_stmt_ind2
  from eval_funcall_ind2, exec_stmt_ind2.


CoInductive evalinf_funcall:
        mem -> fundef -> list val -> traceinf -> Prop :=
  | evalinf_funcall_internal:
      forall m f vargs m1 sp e t,
      Mem.alloc m 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = (m1, sp) ->
      set_locals f.(fn_vars) (set_params vargs f.(fn_params)) = e ->
      execinf_stmt f (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m1 f.(fn_body) t ->
      evalinf_funcall m (Internal f) vargs t


with execinf_stmt:
         function -> val -> env -> mem -> stmt -> traceinf -> Prop :=
  | execinf_Scall:
      forall f sp e m optid sig a bl vf vargs fd t,
      eval_expr ge sp e m a vf ->
      eval_exprlist ge sp e m bl vargs ->
      Genv.find_funct ge vf = Some fd ->
      funsig fd = sig ->
      evalinf_funcall m fd vargs t ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Scall optid sig a bl) t
  | execinf_Sifthenelse:
      forall f sp e m a s1 s2 v b t,
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      Val.bool_of_val v b ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (if b then s1 else s2) t ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Sifthenelse a s1 s2) t
  | execinf_Sseq_1:
      forall f sp e m t s1 s2,
      execinf_stmt f sp e m s1 t ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Sseq s1 s2) t
  | execinf_Sseq_2:
      forall f sp e m t s1 t1 e1 m1 s2 t2,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s1 t1 e1 m1 Out_normal ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e1 m1 s2 t2 ->
      t = t1 *** t2 ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Sseq s1 s2) t
  | execinf_Sloop_body:
      forall f sp e m s t,
      execinf_stmt f sp e m s t ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Sloop s) t
  | execinf_Sloop_loop:
      forall f sp e m s t t1 e1 m1 t2,
      exec_stmt f sp e m s t1 e1 m1 Out_normal ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e1 m1 (Sloop s) t2 ->
      t = t1 *** t2 ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Sloop s) t
  | execinf_Sblock:
      forall f sp e m s t,
      execinf_stmt f sp e m s t ->
      execinf_stmt f sp e m (Sblock s) t
  | execinf_Stailcall:
      forall f sp e m sig a bl vf vargs fd m' t,
      eval_expr ge (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m a vf ->
      eval_exprlist ge (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m bl vargs ->
      Genv.find_funct ge vf = Some fd ->
      funsig fd = sig ->
      Mem.free m sp 0 f.(fn_stackspace) = Some m' ->
      evalinf_funcall m' fd vargs t ->
      execinf_stmt f (Vptr sp Int.zero) e m (Stailcall sig a bl) t.

End NATURALSEM.


Inductive bigstep_program_terminates (p: program): trace -> int -> Prop :=
  | bigstep_program_terminates_intro:
      forall b f m0 t m r,
      let ge := Genv.globalenv p in
      Genv.init_mem p = Some m0 ->
      Genv.find_symbol ge p.(prog_main) = Some b ->
      Genv.find_funct_ptr ge b = Some f ->
      funsig f = signature_main ->
      eval_funcall ge m0 f nil t m (Vint r) ->
      bigstep_program_terminates p t r.

Inductive bigstep_program_diverges (p: program): traceinf -> Prop :=
  | bigstep_program_diverges_intro:
      forall b f m0 t,
      let ge := Genv.globalenv p in
      Genv.init_mem p = Some m0 ->
      Genv.find_symbol ge p.(prog_main) = Some b ->
      Genv.find_funct_ptr ge b = Some f ->
      funsig f = signature_main ->
      evalinf_funcall ge m0 f nil t ->
      bigstep_program_diverges p t.

Definition bigstep_semantics (p: program) :=
  Bigstep_semantics (bigstep_program_terminates p) (bigstep_program_diverges p).

Correctness of the big-step semantics with respect to the transition semantics

Section BIGSTEP_TO_TRANSITION.

Variable prog: program.
Let ge := Genv.globalenv prog.

Inductive outcome_state_match
        (sp: val) (e: env) (m: mem) (f: function) (k: cont):
        outcome -> state -> Prop :=
  | osm_normal:
      outcome_state_match sp e m f k
                          Out_normal
                          (State f Sskip k sp e m)
  | osm_exit: forall n,
      outcome_state_match sp e m f k
                          (Out_exit n)
                          (State f (Sexit n) k sp e m)
  | osm_return_none: forall k',
      call_cont k' = call_cont k ->
      outcome_state_match sp e m f k
                          (Out_return None)
                          (State f (Sreturn None) k' sp e m)
  | osm_return_some: forall k' a v,
      call_cont k' = call_cont k ->
      eval_expr ge sp e m a v ->
      outcome_state_match sp e m f k
                          (Out_return (Some v))
                          (State f (Sreturn (Some a)) k' sp e m)
  | osm_tail: forall v,
      outcome_state_match sp e m f k
                          (Out_tailcall_return v)
                          (Returnstate v (call_cont k) m).

Remark is_call_cont_call_cont:
  forall k, is_call_cont (call_cont k).

Remark call_cont_is_call_cont:
  forall k, is_call_cont k -> call_cont k = k.

Lemma eval_funcall_exec_stmt_steps:
  (forall m fd args t m' res,
   eval_funcall ge m fd args t m' res ->
   forall k,
   is_call_cont k ->
   star step ge (Callstate fd args k m)
              t (Returnstate res k m'))
/\(forall f sp e m s t e' m' out,
   exec_stmt ge f sp e m s t e' m' out ->
   forall k,
   exists S,
   star step ge (State f s k sp e m) t S
   /\ outcome_state_match sp e' m' f k out S).

Lemma eval_funcall_steps:
   forall m fd args t m' res,
   eval_funcall ge m fd args t m' res ->
   forall k,
   is_call_cont k ->
   star step ge (Callstate fd args k m)
              t (Returnstate res k m').
Proof (proj1 eval_funcall_exec_stmt_steps).

Lemma exec_stmt_steps:
   forall f sp e m s t e' m' out,
   exec_stmt ge f sp e m s t e' m' out ->
   forall k,
   exists S,
   star step ge (State f s k sp e m) t S
   /\ outcome_state_match sp e' m' f k out S.
Proof (proj2 eval_funcall_exec_stmt_steps).

Lemma evalinf_funcall_forever:
  forall m fd args T k,
  evalinf_funcall ge m fd args T ->
  forever_plus step ge (Callstate fd args k m) T.

Theorem bigstep_semantics_sound:
  bigstep_sound (bigstep_semantics prog) (semantics prog).

End BIGSTEP_TO_TRANSITION.